List the instructor's last name followed by a comma.

The author may also be an alias or a group author. In the event any course materials that are not formally published are used within a formally published work, the writer should revise the content with either different sources with similar content, or the writer should update the unpublished sources within the paper and cite them as personal communication.īegin with the course instructor or whoever created the video. Students should consult with their instructors to determine each instructor's preferences. In this case, APA advises that because the assignment will not be formally published, then the writer may use the examples in Chapter 10 to create references. The audience for an assignment within a course is the course instructor and, possibly, the students enrolled within the course. First and foremost, the writer should consider the audience. The APA 7th edition provides guidance and advice for citing course materials. Examples of these types of materials include PowerPoints, Google Slides, recorded lectures, handouts, lecture notes, etc. In APA 6th edition, it was advised to cite materials in courses that were not formally published, whether in the face-to-face environment or an online course, as personal communication. This type of material is not freely available on the internet, on an instructor or department webpage, or elsewhere. The instructor may hand out the material in a course or make it available in an online course.

This type of material is normally created by a course instructor for a particular course. One big change in APA 7th edition is the addition of clear guidance for referencing course materials that are not formally published.

How to insert a citation in powerpoint